解決在Ubuntu Server 22.04安裝NGINX（nginx.org）失敗
第一次在 Ubuntu Server 22.04 安裝 NGINX，參考官方教學與另一篇都覺得寫的不錯，反正就是 apt install nginx 就結束了。看到應該這裡就知道，事情沒那麼簡單，因為參考了一些文件，安裝的都不是很順利，因此記下此筆記一篇。
官方教學與另一篇我覺得都寫的不錯：
- https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/install-and-configure-nginx
- https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-nginx-on-ubuntu-20-04
但執行起來怎麼問題一堆：
$ sudo apt install nginx
# 省略
Setting up nginx-core (1.18.0-6ubuntu14.7) ...
Job for nginx.service failed because the control process exited with error code.
See "systemctl status nginx.service" and "journalctl -xeu nginx.service" for details.
invoke-rc.d: initscript nginx, action "start" failed.
× nginx.service - A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Thu 2025-09-04 06:06:04 UTC; 6ms ago
Docs: man:nginx(8)
Process: 1695 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t -q -g daemon on; master_process on; (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
CPU: 9ms
Sep 04 06:06:04 kklabs systemd[1]: Starting A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server...
Sep 04 06:06:04 kklabs nginx[1695]: nginx: [emerg] socket() [::]:80 failed (97: Unknown error)
Sep 04 06:06:04 kklabs nginx[1695]: nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test failed
Sep 04 06:06:04 kklabs systemd[1]: nginx.service: Control process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
Sep 04 06:06:04 kklabs systemd[1]: nginx.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Sep 04 06:06:04 kklabs systemd[1]: Failed to start A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server.
dpkg: error processing package nginx-core (--configure):
installed nginx-core package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of nginx:
nginx depends on nginx-core (<< 1.18.0-6ubuntu14.7.1~) | nginx-full (<< 1.18.0-6ubuntu14.7.1~) | nginx-light (<< 1.18.0-6ubuntu14.7.1~) | nginx-extras (<< 1.18.0-6ubuntu14.7.1~); however:
Package nginx-core is not configured yet.
Package nginx-full is not installed.
Package nginx-light is not installed.
Package nginx-extras is not installed.
nginx depends on nginx-core (>= 1.18.0-6ubuntu14.7) | nginx-full (>= 1.18.0-6ubuntu14.7) | nginx-light (>= 1.18.0-6ubuntu14.7) | nginx-extras (>= 1.18.0-6ubuntu14.7); however:
Package nginx-core is not configured yet.
Package nginx-full is not installed.
Package nginx-light is not installed.
Package nginx-extras is not installed.
dpkg: error processing package nginx (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Processing triggers for ufw (0.36.1-4ubuntu0.1) ...
No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
Processing triggers for man-db (2.10.2-1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.35-0ubuntu3.10) ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
nginx-core
nginx
needrestart is being skipped since dpkg has failed
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
上面錯誤實在看不出那裡有錯。參考網路上的解決方案，檢查 80 Port 是否被佔用，或重裝與換主機重裝數十次，還是一樣的錯誤：
# 確定 Port
$ sudo ss -tuln
Netid State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
udp UNCONN 0 0 127.0.0.53%lo:53 0.0.0.0:*
tcp LISTEN 0 4096 127.0.0.53%lo:53 0.0.0.0:*
tcp LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
# 移除重裝
$ sudo apt purge nginx*
$ sudo apt-get autoclean && sudo apt-get autoremove
$ sudo apt-get install nginx*
$ sudo dpkg --configure -a
後來覺得會不會是 nginx.conf 有問題：
$ sudo nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: [emerg] socket() [::]:80 failed (97: Unknown error)
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test failed
呀！呀！呀！預設定 nginx.conf 還真的有問題，我暈了！其實類似的日誌，前面也有，有時字真的很多，沒注意到：
Sep 04 06:06:04 kklabs nginx[1695]: nginx: [emerg] socket() [::]:80 failed (97: Unknown error)
Sep 04 06:06:04 kklabs nginx[1695]: nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test failed
查詢 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 的內容：
user www-data;
worker_processes auto;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /etc/nginx/modules-enabled/*.conf;
events {
worker_connections 768;
# multi_accept on;
}
http {
##
# Basic Settings
##
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
# server_tokens off;
# server_names_hash_bucket_size 64;
# server_name_in_redirect off;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
##
# SSL Settings
##
ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3; # Dropping SSLv3, ref: POODLE
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
##
# Logging Settings
##
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
##
# Gzip Settings
##
gzip on;
# gzip_vary on;
# gzip_proxied any;
# gzip_comp_level 6;
# gzip_buffers 16 8k;
# gzip_http_version 1.1;
# gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;
##
# Virtual Host Configs
##
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}
#mail {
# # See sample authentication script at:
# # http://wiki.nginx.org/ImapAuthenticateWithApachePhpScript
#
# # auth_http localhost/auth.php;
# # pop3_capabilities "TOP" "USER";
# # imap_capabilities "IMAP4rev1" "UIDPLUS";
#
# server {
# listen localhost:110;
# protocol pop3;
# proxy on;
# }
#
# server {
# listen localhost:143;
# protocol imap;
# proxy on;
# }
#}
本想改 nginx.conf 來修正，但越想越怪。為什麼會給一個預設壞掉的 nginx.conf。而且看著它安裝的套件內容（被省略了），不像平常從 https://nginx.org 下載來安裝的版本，比較像是商業版。從 nginx: Linux packages 能找到目前開源版本的安裝方式（請以官方文件為主，我就不複製過來了）。
$ sudo apt install nginx
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
nginx
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 1,169 kB of archives.
After this operation, 3,797 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://nginx.org/packages/ubuntu jammy/nginx amd64 nginx amd64 1.28.0-1~jammy [1,169 kB]
Fetched 1,169 kB in 3s (352 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package nginx.
(Reading database ... 110537 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../nginx_1.28.0-1~jammy_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking nginx (1.28.0-1~jammy) ...
Setting up nginx (1.28.0-1~jammy) ...
/var/lib/dpkg/info/nginx.postinst: 27: kill: Usage: kill [-s sigspec | -signum | -sigspec] [pid | job]... or
kill -l [exitstatus]
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service → /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.
Processing triggers for man-db (2.10.2-1) ...
NGINX 安裝來源沒問題了，但 nginx.service 還是沒能順利啟動：
$ systemctl status nginx.service
× nginx.service - nginx - high performance web server
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Thu 2025-09-04 14:06:04 CST; 2h 20min ago
Docs: https://nginx.org/en/docs/
CPU: 9ms
一樣測一下與看一下 nginx.conf：
$ sudo nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
$ cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log notice;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}
習慣 Windows 版本看這份 nginx.conf 不是很習慣，它應該是把沒必要的組態都採用預設值（等於是最小化組態檔），重點是測試是通過的。那就讓我們手動啟用 nginx.service 試試看：
$ systemctl start nginx.service
# 權限身分
$ systemctl status nginx.service
● nginx.service - nginx - high performance web server
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Thu 2025-09-04 16:34:39 CST; 14s ago
Docs: https://nginx.org/en/docs/
Process: 4245 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx -c ${CONFFILE} (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 4246 (nginx)
Tasks: 3 (limit: 9345)
Memory: 3.3M
CPU: 8ms
CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
├─4246 "nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf"
├─4247 "nginx: worker process" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" ""
└─4248 "nginx: worker process" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" ""
NGINX 啟動成功了，快來試試：
$ curl http://localhost
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
html { color-scheme: light dark; }
body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
HTTP 存取 NGINX 成功了！再看一眼 Port 的狀態，也確定繫結到 80 Port。
$ sudo ss -tuln
Netid State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
tcp LISTEN 0 511 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:*
目前看起來的問題在於，網路上(疑，我也網路上)的教學可能都是 NGIXN 還沒被 F5 買去之前寫的。現在 apt install nginx 預設情況下安裝的是商業版，但商業版為何會一開始就給一個壞掉的 nginx.conf，這我就沒頭緒了。不過還好，因為一直錯才發現問題，才會去設定開源版的 NGINX，改為開源版的 NGINX 安裝，除了要手動啟動外，一切就都很順利的運作中。
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